Concept
Complexity
The property of a system in which many interacting agents produce behaviour that cannot be predicted from the parts, only understood in hindsight.
In a complex system cause and effect are entangled: the same action can have different outcomes, and outcomes have many causes. That is not a lack of information that more analysis could fix — it is how the system is. You work with it by probing, watching what emerges and amplifying or dampening patterns, rather than by planning from a predicted end state.